The Empirical Solar Radiation Prediction Models Essay

Literature Review 2.1 Empirical Solar Radiation Prediction Models Solar radiation estimation models were developed using meteorological parameters and site geographical locations. These meteorological factors have a major influence on the outcome of solar radiation intensity that reaches the earth’s surface [11-14]. In addition, most models were developed with well-maintained recorded data provided by weather stations. For these reasons, earlier studies correlating solar radiation to meteorological parameters were conducted by Angstrom in 1924. In his research, a simple numerical technique correlating solar radiation to sunshine hours was developed. Equation (1) represents the modified form of Angstrom model by Prescott as [15]; H_i/H_o =a+bS (1) where by H_o is the global solar radiation on a clear day, H represents final solar radiation outcome, a and b are regression coefficients and S equals number of sunshine hours in a day. Since then, numerous models and numerical techniques have been developed using meteorological parameters together with the sites geographical locations in developing solar radiation models. Most of these models fall into three categories [16]; Stochastic Algorithm Satellite Derived Empirical Technique Correspondingly, several methods were used to estimate solar radiation intensity [17]. The development of models using empirical relationships has gain wider spectrum of applicability because of its simplicity and convenient use of variablesShow MoreRelatedBootstrap Approach On Data Sampling Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagestest to compare the two normal distribution will provide a certain mean value with a certain confidence limit and probability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Background Several work from literature on solar radiation prediction have demonstrated that ANN is highly accurate in predicting global radiation [22, 26, 34-40]. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a computer software program developed to depict how a human brain normally process information. ANN are designed using mathematical algorithms andRead MoreResearch Project On Global Solar Radiation1931 Words   |  8 Pagesstudy were made but no respond. Hence, developed forecast models data base to put together the data needed for the study. 1.1 Data Source and Sorting Meteorological parameter data for four regional towns in PNG were collected for this study. In addition, geographical locations and each sites geometrical standard parameters were calculated using formulas used by [43] in developing empirical solar radiation prediction models. Global solar radiation (GRS) data were obtained from National Aeronautics andRead MoreClimate Change Is Caused By Human Activities1617 Words   |  7 Pageshuman activities are causing far more detrimental consequences to the Earth that may lead to serious damage if action is not taken. Evidence of this is plentiful and can be found is numerous studies of past climates, empirical data of the current climate, and scientific predictions of potential future climates. It is important to recognize what is, and what causes, climate change. Throughout Earth’s extensive history the climate has naturally fluctuated. While this is true, the majority of scientistsRead MoreThe Physics Of Satellites Orbiting Earth2079 Words   |  9 Pagesatmospheric density is not constant and changes with solar activity. The solar magnetic activity cycle is the periodic change in the sun s activity that lasts around 11 years. During solar maximum, solar flares and coronal mass injections become frequent. Solar flares and coronal mass injections release radiation which is absorbed into Earth’s atmosphere. The absorbed radiation contains energy that heats the atmosphere, and it expands. 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This makes sea ice as one of the most complex geophysical substances for making predictions of its behavior. Sea ice also grows vertically undersea (called keel growth), which represents as a major hazard for under ice navigation/operation of automated underwater vehicles and is dangerous for scuba diving. Keels that extend up to the oceanRead MoreThe Effe cts Of Droughts On Natural Disasters Essay1965 Words   |  8 Pagesas the potential damages from these events increasing are of great concern. Drought is the focus for this essay and the effects of climate change on this hazard will be discussed for potential future scenarios, with support from theoretical and empirical evidence to the projected effects this hazard may have. 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References Table of Variables Constants: ÃŽ µ0 Permittivity of free space k Coulomb Constant, 9Ãâ€"109 N m2 C-2 ï  ¨ Efficiency Ï„ Confinement time ω Angular frequency v Velocity q Charge m Mass Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages 4 Numerical Methods for Describing Data 4.1 Describing the Center of a Data Set 148 4.2 Describing Variability in a Data Set 159 4.3 Summarizing a Data Set: Boxplots 169 147 4.4 Interpreting Center and Variability: Chebyshev’s Rule, the Empirical Rule, and z Scores 176 4.5 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 186 Activity 4.1 Collecting and Summarizing Numerical Data 190 Activity 4.2 Airline Passenger Weights 190 Activity 4.3 Boxplot Shapes 190 Graphing CalculatorRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 PagesMethod TheScientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. 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Church Proliferation in Nigeria Society - 4318 Words

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 15 [Special Issue – October 2011] ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CHURCH PROLIFERATION: THE REDEEMED CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF GOD AS A CASE STUDY IBIYINKA OLUSOLA ADESANYA, PhD DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION UNIVERSITY OF ADO-EKITI ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE NIGERIA Abstract The environmental effects of proliferation of churches continued to be a major concern to all and particularly those in the mainstream of environmental protection. So disturbing has it become that analysts begin to think of the need for a legal framework to tackle the menace. This paper appraised the extent of proliferation of churches with particular reference to The Redeemed Christian Church†¦show more content†¦Dimensions of Church Proliferation in Nigeria To an observant mind, the pace at which churches are spreading like a wildfire in Nigeria is alarming. In the country, there is freedom of worship, places of worship are full, pilgrimages are over-booked and there is evidence of religious fervour all over the places. 177 The Special Issue on Contemporary Research in Arts and Social Science  © Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA Many people were cashing in on the situation, as they launch new religious organisations and societies. There is evidence that many are just charlatans looking for a means of livelihood. Many are perhaps genuinely religious. But it is obvious that our society has not become upright. It certainly has not become peaceful. There have been and still many hot and cold wars in the name of religion. (Fayomi 1993:37). Churches are noted to be springing up at an alarming and unprecedented rate in all available spaces, shops and uncompleted buildings. Worship come up in warehouses, hotels, abandoned cinema buildings, studios and other public places. It is a common sight to see a minimum of fifty different churches on a street of four kilometres long. This may paint a terrible picture, but such is the present rate of church proliferation in the country. In a statement made by Ogidi, he categorically asserts that, â€Å"Nigeria is a country with easily the largest number of churches per capital in the world.†(Ogidi 1997:11). Fayomi also described Nigeria as â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedProliferation of Churches5300 Words   |  22 Pageseurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Proliferation of Churches: A Leeway to Commercialization of Religion Anthonia M. Essien Department of Religious and Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts, University of Uyo, Nigeria E-mail: eteyesma@yahoo.com Tel: +234(0)8033596961 Abstract This paper posits that religion has become a top bracket business in Nigeria. This is occasioned by the agglomeration of autonomous, non-centralized, independent and illegally established religious movements in Nigeria. 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IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NIGERIA CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (N.C.E) JANUARY, 2009. 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The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts - Sample

Question: Discuss about the The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts. Answer: The couple theory is regarded as providing counseling in a kind of a medium or a long term relationships, whether it includes the marriage or a relationship based which is a de facto one (Baucom et al 2012; p. 239). In the movie Unfaithful which was released in the year 2002, was about a couples name Edward Summer and Connie Summer. The couple lived in Manhattan and they were living with a child. However, the problem was about that there was a lack of passion between the couple. The lack of passion lead to the growth of heated argument and failing to understand each others feelings led a crack on the relationship. Again the husband hardly used to give time to his wife after coming back from office. This left a poor impact on the relationship, which made the wife to start an extra marital affair with a young gentleman name Paul. However, after realizing her mistake, later on Connie wants to give another chance to their marital relationship. In a relationship, the importance of love understanding and passion is important. However, with time it vanishes due to some psychological wants demands or attentions that a couple wants from each other (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Johnson 2012). Unable to do so, would lead to the creation of fault in the relation. In this respect, the couple needs to take help from any counselor so that they can guide them through the process of problem solving and understanding (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Whisman and Beach 2012; pp. 526-535). The couple theory is being practiced right now by many tertiary councilors who are qualified this includes the psychologists, therapists from different disciplines. The theories are also helpful in making to understand and solve the problems between the two couples. The case of Edward and Connie Summer had some of the identified common problems which are anger and aggression, lack of intimacy, the inability to solve problems and difficulties in communication (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). These sums up the general dissatisfaction in the relationship. These as well results to the development of the traumatic incident. Both Husband and Wife at the same time have different values and wants for different lifestyles. The same way it acted as a barrier in the happiness of rearing child and filling up the goals of the family. Connie wanted to try out the relationship once again and decided to approach a therapist (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). The approaches such as Psychodynamic approach where the counselor would deeply dig into the matter of the relationship just to find the origin of the problems. It is important to find out the difficulties which are hampering the relationship between husband and wife. The digging out the matter can disclose the past stories of sexual affairs, any kinds of mental abuses or any kinds of secrets that the couple decided to keep as secret to each other (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134; Carr and McNulty 2016). In this model, problems in the relationship can be pointed out through the implementation of the counselors projective identification. This is a term and a process which has its origination in theory of ego propounded by Freud and later on utilized by some other counselor in the school of thought of psychodynamic name Melanie Klein. In this approach, the therapist advices clients about the analysis that the therapist has deduced after going through the problems of the couple (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134). The therapy is concise and less intensive. The psychodynamic approach make the clients speak freely about their problems to the therapist and the clients also take interest to speak about their problems. The Summer couple can attend this therapy and try to solve out the problems by freely exposing their mind to the therapist. The psychodynamic approach provides a deeper understanding about the intimate relationship between the couple and it is a perfect approach for the couple who are facing relationship problems. Therefore, the entire problems lie in the fact that the couple needs to be treated properly and with the help of this therapy, they can explore their influence of past if any over their relationship and this therapy if being implemented properly can bring the couple together. The Psychodynamic approach can also help the family to solve the immediate causes and make them happy if treated properly. Another important couple theory which could be act as the couple theory is the Gottmans approach to the couple theory. In his work, Gottrman focused on the relationship of the individuals rather concentrating on the individuals themselves. He believes that the establishment of the marriage becomes stronger with the growing positive friendship with the partner and the communications to solve the problem easily (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Gottam proposed that couples must take care of the love map in each others life which incorporates dreams, aspirations, love and fear. The most important approach of Gottman is that the problem which has caused conflict in their life can become the source of happiness of intimacy of their life (Gurman 2015; pp 203-210). Both Edward and Connie lacks passion for each other which resulted to so many conflicts in their personal life, through the understanding of each other and also consulting the therapist, the couple can find ways to interact with each other more and the positive values of the relationship would grow further (Segraves 2012). Gottman focused on the research that high intensity of the conflict can arise which lead to the escalation of the behavior. The researcher suggested that when both the couples are waging argument with each other and when it gets too much heated then they should take at least twenty minutes break and again after that they should start approaching to each other in a calm mode (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). He also came up with the approach of relaxation techniques which can provide help to the partners to calm down. This term is known in his language as Psychological soothing and these are the measures for calming down the heated conversation between the couple. The approach of Gottman talks about seven dimensions of the marital friendships. First, the couple must take interest about their partners world. Second, cultural appreciation for couple would nurture fondness and respect. Third, the couple must be fond of each other not by ignoring each other. Fourth, the presence of the degree of mutual influence must be there for each other (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Fifth, a problem solving method should be adopted and the problems must be solved easily. Sixth, awareness should be built for each other and give respect to their personal dreams and engagement. Seventh, the creation of the integration that each of the partner must develop in their relationship (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). The accurate therapy plan would contain the following elements and they are History: The section includes information about any kinds of history that both couple faced in terms of psychological in past life and if they are under any diagnosis system or not. Presenting the concerns: The current concern in the relationship should be made clear about the couples seeking help from therapist. Treatment contract: The contract for the treatment suffices the goals for the transition in the pattern of existing relationship. It is a plan which justifies the modality of treatment that should be used (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Strengths: All along the plan, the therapist includes information about the persons treatment. This could encourage the individuals to gain strength in order to gain access to the goals. Frequency, Modality and Targets: Each goal which is proposed must contain the modality of treatment. The sessions frequency and also the targeted dates can be used. Goals of the treatment: These are the objectives which would provide support to the couple who are in the therapy. The goals should be realistic and specific so that they are easily achievable (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). The goals are the understanding which would provide happiness to the couple, where in the relationship a trust can be developed. The other goals must be setting the stages and boundaries, where the couple must develop the relationship which is of a conscious nature. Objectives: Goals are subdivided into objectives which support the couple who is in therapy through the completion of the goals which are larger (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Interventions: Goals incorporate techniques and intervene of the professional of the couple therapist to help the couple to achieve a goal which can finally restore the relationship by providing a concrete plan based on the relationship problems of the couple (Halford et al 2012; pp. 49-60). Therapist would monitor the progress accordingly and would check how the improvements in the relationship. Outcomes/ Progress: The outcomes or the progress of the work is listed under each goal. After reviewing the treatment plan, the section of the progress makes a note of how the progression of the things is going outside and inside of the session (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). This is a systematic representation of the plan for the couple Edward and Connie Summer which is Achievable and Measurable to a greater extent. Each step is necessary to incorporate in the plan to bring developments in the relationship status of the couple. Therefore the importance of this plan should be taken into consideration. To conclude, it could be stated that both Edward and Connie Summer should seek help by following the different approaches of Psychodynamic and Gottams approach of Couple theory can come in use in order to make their relationship develop with time and flourish. Lastly, a plan has been suggested for the couple so that they follow the rules properly by seeking help from the therapist. References Baucom, D.H., Epstein, N.B. and Sullivan, L.J., 2012. Brief couple therapy.The Art and Science of Brief Psychotherapies: An Illustrated Guide, p.239. Benson, L.A., McGinn, M.M. and Christensen, A., 2012. Common principles of couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.25-35. Carr, A. and McNulty, M. eds., 2016.The handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach. Routledge. Davis, S.D., Lebow, J.L. and Sprenkle, D.H., 2012. Common factors of change in couple therapy.Behavior therapy,43(1), pp.36-48. Gottman, J.M., 2015. Gottman couple therapy.Clinical handbook of couple therapy, pp.129-157. Gurman, A.S., Lebow, J.L. and Snyder, D.K. eds., 2015.Clinical handbook of couple therapy. Guilford Publications. Halford, W.K., Hayes, S., Christensen, A., Lambert, M., Baucom, D.H. and Atkins, D.C., 2012. Toward making progress feedback an effective common factor in couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.49-60. Johnson, S.M., 2012.The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. Segraves, R., 2012.Marital Therapy: A Combined PsychodynamicBehavioral Approach. Springer Science Business Media. Snyder, D.K. and Halford, W.K., 2012. Evidence?based couple therapy: Current status and future directions.Journal of Family Therapy,34(3), pp.229-249. Wanlass, J. and Scharff, D.E., 2015. Psychodynamic approaches to couple and family therapy.Handbook of family therapy, p.134. Whisman, M.A. and Beach, S.R., 2012. Couple therapy for depression.Journal of clinical psychology,68(5), pp.526-535. Answer:

Minorities In The Military Essay Example For Students

Minorities In The Military Essay In the year 1965, the United States sent troops to Vietnam to aid the South Vietnamese against the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese. As the fighting increased, the United States was in need of more troops in order to support its commitment to South Vietnam. Therefore, thousands of Selective Service registers were called and drafted. The United States also asked its closes ally the Philippines to help send troops to South Vietnam and in addition this, the United states requested for an increase of recruitment for the United States Navy in the region. Thus, the U.S. enlisted thousands of Philippine natives, including myself. We will write a custom essay on Minorities In The Military specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My involvement started in July of 1968, when I was flown to the United States beginning my military training in San Diego. Recalling the eight weeks of hard, intensive training, I still considered myself fortunate to be enlisted in the United States Navy. Although, when I did graduate boot camp, I cherished the prize of rest and recreation for 72 hours. My short-lived vacation began with a group of my fellow Filipino recruits. We decided to catch a bus to downtown San Diego. As we boarded the bus, I stopped in confusion when I noticed a sign with Black written at the back section of the bus. Looking for the driver for direction, I was informed by the driver that was no longer enforced. Even with him saying this, I still sat in the middle row since my skin color fell in between black and white. As we arrived downtown, I experience culture shock. The town was colorful and filled with live entertainment. Although, I did want to spend more time exploring the place, my vacation time was u p and I had to go back to the base. As our company gathered for the last day, we waited for our next order of job training. I was wondering why Filipino recruits and few African American were separated. Having the same order to attend SD A school (Steward), we are not aware that our General Classification Test was high enough to be qualified in other ratings. This discrimination was puzzling to me since, the Americans I knew back in the Philippines were good people and America itself is known to be the land of opportunity. Despite this slight discrimination, I had accepted my rate and still considered American as good people of good will. My very first day in steward school was a terrible and memorable one. I was punished to stand all day for laughing at my superior when he stood on a podium with a loud harsh voice saying, these are your tools and in four weeks you will learn how to use them. Looking at his left arm, all I saw were utensils: kitchen fork, knife and spoon. I laughed in disbelief that I joined the Navy to cook. However, I accepted the job, as if I had another choice, assuming every recruit started out as a cook. As the man said, in four weeks I learned how to use them, I became a designated Navy Steward. Upon graduation, my orders were to board a ship leaving for Vietnam, the USS LONG BEACH CGN-9, the first nuclear surface ship of the United States Navy. I was assigned to a division of 10 Black Americans, 29 Filipinos and 1 Caucasian the division officer. The officers of that ship lived like kings, we served them breakfast, lunch and dinner. In between meals, we worked in their staterooms, dressing their beds with clean sheets and towels, shining their shoes, cleaning their rooms and doing their laundry. This was the daily routine of a steward job aboard ship. After our first six months in Vietnam, we were sent back in the States. My plan was to escape such slave-like job. So, I enrolled in Long Beach City College to further my education and hop ed that someday the U S Navy will change its policy toward Filipino servicemen regarding their job assignments. It was my third month in school when all Navy ships in the Long Beach area were in the state of emergency and pulled out enroute to the Token Gulf. Our ship, powered by nuclear