The Empirical Solar Radiation Prediction Models Essay

Literature Review 2.1 Empirical Solar Radiation Prediction Models Solar radiation estimation models were developed using meteorological parameters and site geographical locations. These meteorological factors have a major influence on the outcome of solar radiation intensity that reaches the earth’s surface [11-14]. In addition, most models were developed with well-maintained recorded data provided by weather stations. For these reasons, earlier studies correlating solar radiation to meteorological parameters were conducted by Angstrom in 1924. In his research, a simple numerical technique correlating solar radiation to sunshine hours was developed. Equation (1) represents the modified form of Angstrom model by Prescott as [15]; H_i/H_o =a+bS (1) where by H_o is the global solar radiation on a clear day, H represents final solar radiation outcome, a and b are regression coefficients and S equals number of sunshine hours in a day. Since then, numerous models and numerical techniques have been developed using meteorological parameters together with the sites geographical locations in developing solar radiation models. Most of these models fall into three categories [16]; Stochastic Algorithm Satellite Derived Empirical Technique Correspondingly, several methods were used to estimate solar radiation intensity [17]. The development of models using empirical relationships has gain wider spectrum of applicability because of its simplicity and convenient use of variablesShow MoreRelatedBootstrap Approach On Data Sampling Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagestest to compare the two normal distribution will provide a certain mean value with a certain confidence limit and probability. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Background Several work from literature on solar radiation prediction have demonstrated that ANN is highly accurate in predicting global radiation [22, 26, 34-40]. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a computer software program developed to depict how a human brain normally process information. ANN are designed using mathematical algorithms andRead MoreResearch Project On Global Solar Radiation1931 Words   |  8 Pagesstudy were made but no respond. Hence, developed forecast models data base to put together the data needed for the study. 1.1 Data Source and Sorting Meteorological parameter data for four regional towns in PNG were collected for this study. In addition, geographical locations and each sites geometrical standard parameters were calculated using formulas used by [43] in developing empirical solar radiation prediction models. Global solar radiation (GRS) data were obtained from National Aeronautics andRead MoreClimate Change Is Caused By Human Activities1617 Words   |  7 Pageshuman activities are causing far more detrimental consequences to the Earth that may lead to serious damage if action is not taken. Evidence of this is plentiful and can be found is numerous studies of past climates, empirical data of the current climate, and scientific predictions of potential future climates. It is important to recognize what is, and what causes, climate change. Throughout Earth’s extensive history the climate has naturally fluctuated. While this is true, the majority of scientistsRead MoreThe Physics Of Satellites Orbiting Earth2079 Words   |  9 Pagesatmospheric density is not constant and changes with solar activity. The solar magnetic activity cycle is the periodic change in the sun s activity that lasts around 11 years. During solar maximum, solar flares and coronal mass injections become frequent. Solar flares and coronal mass injections release radiation which is absorbed into Earth’s atmosphere. The absorbed radiation contains energy that heats the atmosphere, and it expands. 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References Table of Variables Constants: ÃŽ µ0 Permittivity of free space k Coulomb Constant, 9Ãâ€"109 N m2 C-2 ï  ¨ Efficiency Ï„ Confinement time ω Angular frequency v Velocity q Charge m Mass Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pages 4 Numerical Methods for Describing Data 4.1 Describing the Center of a Data Set 148 4.2 Describing Variability in a Data Set 159 4.3 Summarizing a Data Set: Boxplots 169 147 4.4 Interpreting Center and Variability: Chebyshev’s Rule, the Empirical Rule, and z Scores 176 4.5 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 186 Activity 4.1 Collecting and Summarizing Numerical Data 190 Activity 4.2 Airline Passenger Weights 190 Activity 4.3 Boxplot Shapes 190 Graphing CalculatorRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 PagesMethod TheScientific method refers to a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. 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Church Proliferation in Nigeria Society - 4318 Words

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 15 [Special Issue – October 2011] ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF CHURCH PROLIFERATION: THE REDEEMED CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF GOD AS A CASE STUDY IBIYINKA OLUSOLA ADESANYA, PhD DEPARTMENT OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION UNIVERSITY OF ADO-EKITI ADO-EKITI, EKITI STATE NIGERIA Abstract The environmental effects of proliferation of churches continued to be a major concern to all and particularly those in the mainstream of environmental protection. So disturbing has it become that analysts begin to think of the need for a legal framework to tackle the menace. This paper appraised the extent of proliferation of churches with particular reference to The Redeemed Christian Church†¦show more content†¦Dimensions of Church Proliferation in Nigeria To an observant mind, the pace at which churches are spreading like a wildfire in Nigeria is alarming. In the country, there is freedom of worship, places of worship are full, pilgrimages are over-booked and there is evidence of religious fervour all over the places. 177 The Special Issue on Contemporary Research in Arts and Social Science  © Centre for Promoting Ideas, USA Many people were cashing in on the situation, as they launch new religious organisations and societies. There is evidence that many are just charlatans looking for a means of livelihood. Many are perhaps genuinely religious. But it is obvious that our society has not become upright. It certainly has not become peaceful. There have been and still many hot and cold wars in the name of religion. (Fayomi 1993:37). Churches are noted to be springing up at an alarming and unprecedented rate in all available spaces, shops and uncompleted buildings. Worship come up in warehouses, hotels, abandoned cinema buildings, studios and other public places. It is a common sight to see a minimum of fifty different churches on a street of four kilometres long. This may paint a terrible picture, but such is the present rate of church proliferation in the country. In a statement made by Ogidi, he categorically asserts that, â€Å"Nigeria is a country with easily the largest number of churches per capital in the world.†(Ogidi 1997:11). Fayomi also described Nigeria as â€Å"aShow MoreRelatedProliferation of Churches5300 Words   |  22 Pageseurojournals.com/ejsr.htm Proliferation of Churches: A Leeway to Commercialization of Religion Anthonia M. Essien Department of Religious and Cultural Studies Faculty of Arts, University of Uyo, Nigeria E-mail: eteyesma@yahoo.com Tel: +234(0)8033596961 Abstract This paper posits that religion has become a top bracket business in Nigeria. This is occasioned by the agglomeration of autonomous, non-centralized, independent and illegally established religious movements in Nigeria. 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IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF NIGERIA CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION (N.C.E) JANUARY, 2009. 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The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts - Sample

Question: Discuss about the The Couple Therapy Connecting To Two Theories And Concepts. Answer: The couple theory is regarded as providing counseling in a kind of a medium or a long term relationships, whether it includes the marriage or a relationship based which is a de facto one (Baucom et al 2012; p. 239). In the movie Unfaithful which was released in the year 2002, was about a couples name Edward Summer and Connie Summer. The couple lived in Manhattan and they were living with a child. However, the problem was about that there was a lack of passion between the couple. The lack of passion lead to the growth of heated argument and failing to understand each others feelings led a crack on the relationship. Again the husband hardly used to give time to his wife after coming back from office. This left a poor impact on the relationship, which made the wife to start an extra marital affair with a young gentleman name Paul. However, after realizing her mistake, later on Connie wants to give another chance to their marital relationship. In a relationship, the importance of love understanding and passion is important. However, with time it vanishes due to some psychological wants demands or attentions that a couple wants from each other (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Johnson 2012). Unable to do so, would lead to the creation of fault in the relation. In this respect, the couple needs to take help from any counselor so that they can guide them through the process of problem solving and understanding (Benson et al 2012; pp. 25-35; Whisman and Beach 2012; pp. 526-535). The couple theory is being practiced right now by many tertiary councilors who are qualified this includes the psychologists, therapists from different disciplines. The theories are also helpful in making to understand and solve the problems between the two couples. The case of Edward and Connie Summer had some of the identified common problems which are anger and aggression, lack of intimacy, the inability to solve problems and difficulties in communication (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). These sums up the general dissatisfaction in the relationship. These as well results to the development of the traumatic incident. Both Husband and Wife at the same time have different values and wants for different lifestyles. The same way it acted as a barrier in the happiness of rearing child and filling up the goals of the family. Connie wanted to try out the relationship once again and decided to approach a therapist (Synder et al 2012; pp. 229-249). The approaches such as Psychodynamic approach where the counselor would deeply dig into the matter of the relationship just to find the origin of the problems. It is important to find out the difficulties which are hampering the relationship between husband and wife. The digging out the matter can disclose the past stories of sexual affairs, any kinds of mental abuses or any kinds of secrets that the couple decided to keep as secret to each other (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134; Carr and McNulty 2016). In this model, problems in the relationship can be pointed out through the implementation of the counselors projective identification. This is a term and a process which has its origination in theory of ego propounded by Freud and later on utilized by some other counselor in the school of thought of psychodynamic name Melanie Klein. In this approach, the therapist advices clients about the analysis that the therapist has deduced after going through the problems of the couple (Wanlass and Scharff 2015; p.134). The therapy is concise and less intensive. The psychodynamic approach make the clients speak freely about their problems to the therapist and the clients also take interest to speak about their problems. The Summer couple can attend this therapy and try to solve out the problems by freely exposing their mind to the therapist. The psychodynamic approach provides a deeper understanding about the intimate relationship between the couple and it is a perfect approach for the couple who are facing relationship problems. Therefore, the entire problems lie in the fact that the couple needs to be treated properly and with the help of this therapy, they can explore their influence of past if any over their relationship and this therapy if being implemented properly can bring the couple together. The Psychodynamic approach can also help the family to solve the immediate causes and make them happy if treated properly. Another important couple theory which could be act as the couple theory is the Gottmans approach to the couple theory. In his work, Gottrman focused on the relationship of the individuals rather concentrating on the individuals themselves. He believes that the establishment of the marriage becomes stronger with the growing positive friendship with the partner and the communications to solve the problem easily (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Gottam proposed that couples must take care of the love map in each others life which incorporates dreams, aspirations, love and fear. The most important approach of Gottman is that the problem which has caused conflict in their life can become the source of happiness of intimacy of their life (Gurman 2015; pp 203-210). Both Edward and Connie lacks passion for each other which resulted to so many conflicts in their personal life, through the understanding of each other and also consulting the therapist, the couple can find ways to interact with each other more and the positive values of the relationship would grow further (Segraves 2012). Gottman focused on the research that high intensity of the conflict can arise which lead to the escalation of the behavior. The researcher suggested that when both the couples are waging argument with each other and when it gets too much heated then they should take at least twenty minutes break and again after that they should start approaching to each other in a calm mode (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). He also came up with the approach of relaxation techniques which can provide help to the partners to calm down. This term is known in his language as Psychological soothing and these are the measures for calming down the heated conversation between the couple. The approach of Gottman talks about seven dimensions of the marital friendships. First, the couple must take interest about their partners world. Second, cultural appreciation for couple would nurture fondness and respect. Third, the couple must be fond of each other not by ignoring each other. Fourth, the presence of the degree of mutual influence must be there for each other (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). Fifth, a problem solving method should be adopted and the problems must be solved easily. Sixth, awareness should be built for each other and give respect to their personal dreams and engagement. Seventh, the creation of the integration that each of the partner must develop in their relationship (Gottman 2015; pp. 129-157). The accurate therapy plan would contain the following elements and they are History: The section includes information about any kinds of history that both couple faced in terms of psychological in past life and if they are under any diagnosis system or not. Presenting the concerns: The current concern in the relationship should be made clear about the couples seeking help from therapist. Treatment contract: The contract for the treatment suffices the goals for the transition in the pattern of existing relationship. It is a plan which justifies the modality of treatment that should be used (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Strengths: All along the plan, the therapist includes information about the persons treatment. This could encourage the individuals to gain strength in order to gain access to the goals. Frequency, Modality and Targets: Each goal which is proposed must contain the modality of treatment. The sessions frequency and also the targeted dates can be used. Goals of the treatment: These are the objectives which would provide support to the couple who are in the therapy. The goals should be realistic and specific so that they are easily achievable (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). The goals are the understanding which would provide happiness to the couple, where in the relationship a trust can be developed. The other goals must be setting the stages and boundaries, where the couple must develop the relationship which is of a conscious nature. Objectives: Goals are subdivided into objectives which support the couple who is in therapy through the completion of the goals which are larger (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). Interventions: Goals incorporate techniques and intervene of the professional of the couple therapist to help the couple to achieve a goal which can finally restore the relationship by providing a concrete plan based on the relationship problems of the couple (Halford et al 2012; pp. 49-60). Therapist would monitor the progress accordingly and would check how the improvements in the relationship. Outcomes/ Progress: The outcomes or the progress of the work is listed under each goal. After reviewing the treatment plan, the section of the progress makes a note of how the progression of the things is going outside and inside of the session (Davis, Lebow and Sprenkle 2012; pp. 36-48). This is a systematic representation of the plan for the couple Edward and Connie Summer which is Achievable and Measurable to a greater extent. Each step is necessary to incorporate in the plan to bring developments in the relationship status of the couple. Therefore the importance of this plan should be taken into consideration. To conclude, it could be stated that both Edward and Connie Summer should seek help by following the different approaches of Psychodynamic and Gottams approach of Couple theory can come in use in order to make their relationship develop with time and flourish. Lastly, a plan has been suggested for the couple so that they follow the rules properly by seeking help from the therapist. References Baucom, D.H., Epstein, N.B. and Sullivan, L.J., 2012. Brief couple therapy.The Art and Science of Brief Psychotherapies: An Illustrated Guide, p.239. Benson, L.A., McGinn, M.M. and Christensen, A., 2012. Common principles of couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.25-35. Carr, A. and McNulty, M. eds., 2016.The handbook of adult clinical psychology: an evidence based practice approach. Routledge. Davis, S.D., Lebow, J.L. and Sprenkle, D.H., 2012. Common factors of change in couple therapy.Behavior therapy,43(1), pp.36-48. Gottman, J.M., 2015. Gottman couple therapy.Clinical handbook of couple therapy, pp.129-157. Gurman, A.S., Lebow, J.L. and Snyder, D.K. eds., 2015.Clinical handbook of couple therapy. Guilford Publications. Halford, W.K., Hayes, S., Christensen, A., Lambert, M., Baucom, D.H. and Atkins, D.C., 2012. Toward making progress feedback an effective common factor in couple therapy.Behavior Therapy,43(1), pp.49-60. Johnson, S.M., 2012.The practice of emotionally focused couple therapy: Creating connection. Routledge. Segraves, R., 2012.Marital Therapy: A Combined PsychodynamicBehavioral Approach. Springer Science Business Media. Snyder, D.K. and Halford, W.K., 2012. Evidence?based couple therapy: Current status and future directions.Journal of Family Therapy,34(3), pp.229-249. Wanlass, J. and Scharff, D.E., 2015. Psychodynamic approaches to couple and family therapy.Handbook of family therapy, p.134. Whisman, M.A. and Beach, S.R., 2012. Couple therapy for depression.Journal of clinical psychology,68(5), pp.526-535. Answer:

Minorities In The Military Essay Example For Students

Minorities In The Military Essay In the year 1965, the United States sent troops to Vietnam to aid the South Vietnamese against the communist Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese. As the fighting increased, the United States was in need of more troops in order to support its commitment to South Vietnam. Therefore, thousands of Selective Service registers were called and drafted. The United States also asked its closes ally the Philippines to help send troops to South Vietnam and in addition this, the United states requested for an increase of recruitment for the United States Navy in the region. Thus, the U.S. enlisted thousands of Philippine natives, including myself. We will write a custom essay on Minorities In The Military specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now My involvement started in July of 1968, when I was flown to the United States beginning my military training in San Diego. Recalling the eight weeks of hard, intensive training, I still considered myself fortunate to be enlisted in the United States Navy. Although, when I did graduate boot camp, I cherished the prize of rest and recreation for 72 hours. My short-lived vacation began with a group of my fellow Filipino recruits. We decided to catch a bus to downtown San Diego. As we boarded the bus, I stopped in confusion when I noticed a sign with Black written at the back section of the bus. Looking for the driver for direction, I was informed by the driver that was no longer enforced. Even with him saying this, I still sat in the middle row since my skin color fell in between black and white. As we arrived downtown, I experience culture shock. The town was colorful and filled with live entertainment. Although, I did want to spend more time exploring the place, my vacation time was u p and I had to go back to the base. As our company gathered for the last day, we waited for our next order of job training. I was wondering why Filipino recruits and few African American were separated. Having the same order to attend SD A school (Steward), we are not aware that our General Classification Test was high enough to be qualified in other ratings. This discrimination was puzzling to me since, the Americans I knew back in the Philippines were good people and America itself is known to be the land of opportunity. Despite this slight discrimination, I had accepted my rate and still considered American as good people of good will. My very first day in steward school was a terrible and memorable one. I was punished to stand all day for laughing at my superior when he stood on a podium with a loud harsh voice saying, these are your tools and in four weeks you will learn how to use them. Looking at his left arm, all I saw were utensils: kitchen fork, knife and spoon. I laughed in disbelief that I joined the Navy to cook. However, I accepted the job, as if I had another choice, assuming every recruit started out as a cook. As the man said, in four weeks I learned how to use them, I became a designated Navy Steward. Upon graduation, my orders were to board a ship leaving for Vietnam, the USS LONG BEACH CGN-9, the first nuclear surface ship of the United States Navy. I was assigned to a division of 10 Black Americans, 29 Filipinos and 1 Caucasian the division officer. The officers of that ship lived like kings, we served them breakfast, lunch and dinner. In between meals, we worked in their staterooms, dressing their beds with clean sheets and towels, shining their shoes, cleaning their rooms and doing their laundry. This was the daily routine of a steward job aboard ship. After our first six months in Vietnam, we were sent back in the States. My plan was to escape such slave-like job. So, I enrolled in Long Beach City College to further my education and hop ed that someday the U S Navy will change its policy toward Filipino servicemen regarding their job assignments. It was my third month in school when all Navy ships in the Long Beach area were in the state of emergency and pulled out enroute to the Token Gulf. Our ship, powered by nuclear

Leadership and A. True B. free essay sample

1. The concept of employee participation is party of many management and leadership theories. Which one of the following does not include the concept of participation? (p. 248-249) a. Theory X and Theory Y b. Leader behavior research c. Contingency models d. Trait approach* 2. Ford Motor Co. is an example of a company that: (p. 249) a. has moved fully towards team-based management b. combines teams with more traditional structures* c. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and A. True B. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page continues to be successful without using teams d. has found the use of teams highly challenging 3. Research indicates that organizations can reap many benefits from employee participation and involvement. Which of the following is not one of the typical programs used in today’s organizations? (p. 250) a. group decision making b. teams c. social audits* d. profit sharing 4. Space X company provides an example of a company that: (p. 249) a. has moved fully towards team-based management b. combines teams with more traditional structures* c. continues to be successful without using teams d. has found the use of teams highly challenging 5. Which is not a method of employee participation? (p. 250) a. stock-option plans b. empowerment c. use of teams d. humane orientation* 6. Royal Philips Electronics is counting on _________ to ________.(p. 250) a. management; implement teams b. employees; convince management about use of teams c. teams; revive the company* d. top leadership; move towards teams. 7. Gerard Kleisterlee, CEO of Royal Philips, gathered people who wanted to make a contribution to the organization, regardless of rank. What process best describes this example? (p. 250) a. employee participation* b. self-managed teams c. delegation d. empowerment 8. Genencor International started its employee participation program: (p. 250) a. when they built a new headquarters* b. after the leadership team took a trip to Japan c. after they hired a new CEOd. as a routine part of doing business 9. _________ and __________ are two of the criteria managers should use to determine when to involve employees in decision making. (p. 251) a. Culture; cost b. Efficiency; effectiveness c. Leader style; financial issues d. Task complexity; time* 10. Participation may be undesirable in all of the following situations except when . (p. 251) a. follower commitment is not necessary b. the tasks are complex and quality is important* c. time is of the essence d. interaction between leader and follo wers is restricted 11. Nelson has been a successful manager for over 30 years. He has considerable expertise and makes most of the decisions by himself. He supervises over 200 people who are spread-out across 20 states. Using employee participation may be a challenge for Nelson because of: (p. 251) a. time and complexity of the task. b. the leader’s style and the geographic dispersion. * c. follower commitment and readiness. d. environmental factors and culture. (AACSB: Reflective Thinking) 12. Which is not a criterion for the use of participation programs? (p. 251-252) a. when the organizational culture is supportive b. when interaction between leader and followers is restricted by the task* c.when follower commitment is needed d. when the task complexity and quality is important 13. Li Wei is under pressure to make a quick decision on a project with which she has considerable expertise and experience. Her team is inexperienced and generally supportive, and she needs the members’ strong commitment to implement her decision. In this situation, Li Wei should: (p. 251-252) a. make the decision by herself. b. allow for employee participation. * c. seek more information. d. delegate the decision to the group. (AACSB: Reflective Thinking) 14. The case of Kiwi Airlines is an example of: (p. 252) a. successful participation.b. a leader not being ready for participation. c. lack of employee training in participation. d. too much participation by employees. * 15. Which of the following cultural values can affect employee participation in decision making? (p. 252) a. collectivism* b. tolerance for ambiguity c. ascription d. time orientation. 16. The more __________ a culture, the less likely it is that employees will participate in decision making. (p. 252) a. collectivist b. ascriptive c. power oriented* d. flexible 17. Which cultural values will least likely support employee participation and empowerment? (p. 252) a. high power distance*b. collectivist c. humane orientation d. high time (future) orientation (AACSB: Reflective Thinking) 18. ___________ combined with ___________ often create a challenge in implementing participation and teams in countries such as the U. S. and Australia. (p. 253) a. High power distance/competitiveness b. High performance orientation/short time orientation c. High individualism/low power distance* d. Low context/high tolerance for ambiguity (AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity) (AACSB: Reflective Thinking) 19. In spite of cultural and other differences, one of the keys to successful implementation of teams is: (p. 253) a. followers’ involvement b. organizational policies c. slow implementation d. leader’s belief in participation* 20. Which of the following is one of the goals of delegation? (p. 253-554) a. help the leader with excessive workload* b. share power with employees c. empower employees d. increase the leader’s power 21. Which one of the following is not one of the benefits of delegation? (p. 254) a. develop followers b. increase follower involvement in the task c. increase follower motivation d. increase leader’s power* 22. John has found that delegating tasks allows him to manage his own workload and stress. What other potential benefit does delegation offer John? (p. 254) a. enrich the job of his followers* b. create a more cohesive team c. save his followers’ time d. increase leader’s power (AACSB: Reflective Thinking) 23. Delegation affects employees in all of the following ways except . (p. 254) a. increasing their satisfaction b. increasing their motivation c. increasing organizational commitment d. increasing their desire to leave the organization* (d; Easy; p. 254) 24. It is important for managers to understand the difference between _________ and __________. (p. 255) a. development; enrichment

Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity

Gem Buddhism and Christianity Both Buddhism and Christianity are considered to be a religion which is an organized set of beliefs that encodes a person’s or a group’s understanding and attitudes toward of the essence or nature of reality. Although Buddhism and Christianity are religions, there are two differences between them which are their ceremonies and festivals. Firstly, in Buddhism, The precept of Buddhism is to do good things and you will get good things back to your life, but if you do bad things, those sins will return to you. Buddhists believe that if we make merit by offering something like food and flowers to the monks or set the animals’ life free, all good lucks will return to us, the Buddhists. However, in Christianity, people usually confess their sin by talking to the priest in church in order to redeem from sin which is called â€Å"confession sin†. Secondly, The Songkran tradition is recognized as a valuable tradition for the Thai community, society and religion. This festival is also called "Water Festival" as people believe that water will wash away bad luck. At the same time, Thanksgiving Day is a day set aside each year for giving thanks to God for blessings received during the year. On this day, people give thanks with feasting and prayer. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and joyous reunions. The very mention of Thanksgiving often calls up memories of kitchens and pantries crowded with good things to eat. Thanksgiving is also a time for serious religious thinking, church services, and prayer. In conclusion, although Buddhism and Christianity are both called â€Å"religion†, there are differences in ceremonies and festivals.... Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity Free Essays on Buddhism And Christianity Gem Buddhism and Christianity Both Buddhism and Christianity are considered to be a religion which is an organized set of beliefs that encodes a person’s or a group’s understanding and attitudes toward of the essence or nature of reality. Although Buddhism and Christianity are religions, there are two differences between them which are their ceremonies and festivals. Firstly, in Buddhism, The precept of Buddhism is to do good things and you will get good things back to your life, but if you do bad things, those sins will return to you. Buddhists believe that if we make merit by offering something like food and flowers to the monks or set the animals’ life free, all good lucks will return to us, the Buddhists. However, in Christianity, people usually confess their sin by talking to the priest in church in order to redeem from sin which is called â€Å"confession sin†. Secondly, The Songkran tradition is recognized as a valuable tradition for the Thai community, society and religion. This festival is also called "Water Festival" as people believe that water will wash away bad luck. At the same time, Thanksgiving Day is a day set aside each year for giving thanks to God for blessings received during the year. On this day, people give thanks with feasting and prayer. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and joyous reunions. The very mention of Thanksgiving often calls up memories of kitchens and pantries crowded with good things to eat. Thanksgiving is also a time for serious religious thinking, church services, and prayer. In conclusion, although Buddhism and Christianity are both called â€Å"religion†, there are differences in ceremonies and festivals....

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

Case Study Example More importantly, companies adopt distinct financial strategies depending on the status of the company (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng 34). Publicly-listed and private companies have different mode of operations, particularly on the decision-making mechanism. Since its establishment in 1976, Apple Inc. has grown tremendously. Currently, the company has a presence in more than fourteen countries. Retail stores for Apple products in these countries numbers at 394. The company is publicly listed and is valued at about 414 billion dollars, making it the second biggest corporation in the trade in terms of market capitalization. The Forbes magazine recognized Apple in 2008 as being one of the most admired cooperation in the US. In 2013, the corporation was listed among the best ten corporations of the fortune 500 list of companies. These recognitions have helped the corporation to increase the sales of its major product, the iPhone. Apple Inc can invest in securities in order to raise money for their financial obligations. Securities are held by firms and later sold for a short-term earnings. The trading securities are normally accounted at the fair market value where gains and losses are reported on the income statements. Such securities are not met by maintaining the gains or losses on the income statement. Further, the counter account on the balance sheet is the stipend for the accustomed short-term savings to the market. The accounting for ‘available-for-sale securities’ is largely similar to the accounting in the trading securities (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng 28). Nonetheless, there exists a difference regarding the recognition of the changes in the value. The changes in value for the trading securities are posted on the operating income. The ‘available for sale’ securities are posted in the special account that is regarded as ‘†unrealized gain/loss in other comprehensi ve income†.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

English - Essay Example This is because, they never gets the chance to practise their visions due to fear of being victimized by the fellows who practise orthodoxy. It is also important to note here that, orthodoxy can even hinder the progress and development of a country, in that investors or business men who may want to invest in the country producing a unique commodity, may be blocked out of the market if the sale of the commodity goes against the generally accepted norms of the country’s citizens (Tipton & Witte, 2007). In the work of Shirley Jackson, the author affirms categorically the demerits of confining to the generally accepted norms of a people, a society, community or a country. He strongly proposes for the total discarding of such acts b individuals. If orthodoxy is not ignored in societies by individuals, then it becomes very difficult for the people to maximise their potentials, utilize the resources available at their disposal for their personal benefits and that of the whole society. Orthodoxy limits our visions, impairs our judgement and blocks our capabilities, I therefore strongly agree with Shirley that people should never accept to be defined by the mere rules and regulations which the older generations adhered to which made no progress in their lives (Fass, 2004). The family plays very vital roles in the discouraging the habit of orthodoxy. This is portrayed in Jackson Bill’s family where his family strongly discouraged orthodoxy by stating out the inhuman effects of orthodoxy practise. When a family discourages its members from engaging in such practises, their innocence is not victimized and their progress are not blocked. It is therefore very important that families stop their children from the blind confinement of some norms believed to be true without clearly realizing or finding out neither the demerits of such adherence nor the effects of

MIH512-Demography and Health (Module 5-CBT) Essay

MIH512-Demography and Health (Module 5-CBT) - Essay Example This indicates low fertility and low mortality and is also known as constrictive pyramid. The population pyramid displays population percentage of ages 1-14 under 30 percent and ages 75 and above over 6 percent and is hence considered an "aging population"(U.S.Census Bureau, 2009). The expansive pyramid in the current year is because of increased birth rates and death rates. Mexico is a developing country and has many factors which contribute to high birth rates and death rates. However there have been improvements in food supply, sanitation and education which contribute to decreased disease states and increased life span. When death rates decline, it contributes to rise in child population. Lowering of death rates is simultaneous with lowering of infant mortality rates which contributes to increased child survival. Thus, there will also increase in the number of children, adolescents and younger adults. It has been estimated that in 2050, both birth rates and death rates will lower which will contribute to the stable pyramid shape (U.S.Census Bureau, 2009). Fall in birth rates is likely to happen because of increase in wages, contraception, urbanization, reduction in subsistence agriculture, fall in the value for child labor, improvement in women status, ris e in education of women, rise in investment of parental money for the purpose of education of children and other social changes in general. Death rates are also projected to fall because of increase education, awareness, medical interventions, sanitation, hygiene and cleanliness. Demographic transition may be defined as a shift of rates of birth and death from high to low. Mexico is now in the second stage of demographic transition and is almost entering the third stage. This is because, close to 50 percent of the population is 25 years of age or even younger (U.S.Census Bureau, 2009). The fall in death rates, including infant mortality rate has

A Current National Health Policy Social Work Essay

A Current National Health Policy Social Work Essay Policies are relevant and essential as they allow health professionals whether employer or employee, to work within their remit and understand their responsibilities to their clients, patients and their colleagues (Baggott, 2007). Walt and Gibson (1994) identified that health policies are made through complex association of actors, processes and content. The health policy triangle was introduced by Walt and Gibson (1994) as an approach of methodically discerning the various factors that can affect or generate a health policy. Policy actors pertain to governments or individuals who can affect the policy, such as pressure groups and politicians (Walt and Gibson, 1994, cited in Buse et al, 2005). Policy process relates to the formulation or implementation of the policy and how it is communicated to the public or society (Walt and Gibson, 1994, cited in Buse et al, 2005). Policy content refers to material or substance within a policy which describes the issue or topic covered, such as so cial or political which may refer to national or local areas (Walt and Gibson, 1994. cited in Buse et al, 2005). This essay will scrutinise and critique a health policy. It will demonstrate the development of a policy and critique the beneficial worth, stating whether the health policy is achieving the objectives for its initial implementation. It will similarly evaluate and assess the policy content and determine the benefit of this particular health policy within my nursing practice. Furthermore argue whether the health policy has strengths to enhance my practice or weaknesses which may hinder application to my role as a school nurse. The Department of Health were the policy actors who published the National Service Framework for Children, Young people and Maternity services in 2004. This policy was instrumental in enabling health professionals to look at childrens services in a different manner and address the whole child rather than the childs illness or problem they may have; and instead look at techniques to prevent the problem from initially occurring (DH, 2004). The national service framework for children, young people and maternity services (2004) brought to the attention of policy makers the necessity of action focusing on childrens services, which lead to more policies and strategies being formulated (Baggott, 2007). One of them being Healthy lives, brighter futures. The strategy for children and young peoples health (2009), which states that all children and young people should grow up healthy with specific attention directed to the vulnerable; which includes looked after children and children in low inc ome families. Healthy lives, brighter futures. The strategy for children and young peoples health was published in 2009, jointly by the Department of Health and the Department for Children, Schools and Families. This strategy was the Labour Governments plan to improve children and young peoples health and wellbeing (Department of Health and the Department for Children, Schools and Families, 2009). (DH and DCSF, 2009). The Labour governments aim through this Strategy was for children and young people to have more opportunities by using more easily accessible services, which would benefit them and diminish health inequalities leading to less strain on the countrys financial resources (DH and DCSF, 2009). Healthy lives, brighter futures. The strategy for children and young peoples health (the Strategy) (2009) was the primary approach targeting all health professionals and childrens services, which preceded the Healthy Child Programme: From 5-19 years old policy; in addition was introduced later the same year together by the Department of Health and the Department for Children, Schools and Families. To achieve the goals set out in the Strategy which targeted health professionals in the community, hospitals and commissioners highlighting the importance of their part in reducing health inequalities (DH and DCSF, 2009). Child poverty is on a decline but in the United Kingdom (UK) one in four children are growing up in poverty (Department for Work and Pensions, 2009). Young people and children living in poverty additionally use and rely on more frequently, emergency services which can add unnecessary strain to health services (Centre for Excellence and Outcomes in Children and Young People s Services, 2010). Health inequalities are still present, and policy actors such as the British Youth Council were there to add their voice to the areas, and problems which they felt still needs addressing for the young people of the UK (British Youth Council, 2012). The section of the Strategy (DH and DCSF, 2009), which will be discussed/critiqued in great depth will be section five, titled Young People. I work with young people and can look at the strengths and weaknesses of the Strategy; and this area was also chosen as young people sometimes feel that their concerns are dismissed and their opinions are undervalued (British Youth Council, 2012). Adolescence is seen as a vital stage where young people are leaving behind their childhood and stepping forward into adulthood; where they are gaining more independence and in some cases looking after their own health for the first time, rather than depending on their parents or carers (DH and DCSF, 2009). The Strategies established are directed to providing health services for young people which targets their health as well as their psychological wellbeing (DH and DCSF, 2009). Through this transitional period adolescents are developing neurologically, physically, emotionally in addition to psychologically (Moshman, 1999). While young people are testing the boundaries though they are gaining more independence, young people are more likely to listen and seek advice from their peers rather than adults (Moshman, 1999). In our locality to make school nursing services more accessible to teenagers we provide a drop in clinic, where teenagers can come and discuss health issues or concerns t hey may have on their own or with a friend. The Strategy has recommended that health services adopt a more young people friendly service (DH and DCSF, 2009). Youre Welcome Quality criteria for young people friendly health service published by the Department of Health, Children and Young People (DH and CYP, 2011). This policy was one of the follow on programmes to the Strategy which gave more in depth recommendations, for providing additional user friendly health services for young people and training for staff to have a more user friendly approach. A project directed by Randall and Hill (2012), noted that young patients wanted their nurses to be friendly; but still give them their privacy and dignity without drawing unnecessary attention (Randall and Hill, 2012). Youth workers based in the community can break through barriers as they are mainly adult workers that can relate to young people as they may work with them daily, when young people attend youth groups or centres (Hilton and Jepson, 2012). Young people attending hospital appointments or in hospital can feel isolated, have low self-confidence or lose their individuality (Hilton and Jepson, 2012). Presently school nurses only work with young people mainly if they have health conditions, to promote health or have Child protection plans. If there were more resources available, in this case time, school nurses could work with youth workers to help distil fears in young people, in regards to being admitted onto a hospital ward or learning to live with a long-term health conditions. This would empower young people to have additional confidence in health workers, and enable them to feel undaunted about their transition into the adult world (Young, 2006). Policy makers understand and recognise the importance of young peoples psychological wellbeing and mental health which is addressed (DH and DCSF, 2009). The issue to provide a service to tackle and deliver support for young peoples mental health is challenging, as insufficient funds is available to deal with this one particular area on its own (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, 2012). This is evident by my employment Council that provides an integrated child support service, which entails education psychology and education welfare, early intervention and behaviour (Southwark Council, 2012). If the child has a more serious emotional or mental health problem that cannot be dealt with by the integrated child support service, the child would be referred to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, generally referred to as CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, 2012). My employment Trust has CAMHS which provides mental health care for four Trusts and also a national and specialist team (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, 2012). Usually a referral to CAMHS can take from four to eight weeks before the child or young person would be given an appointment (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, 2012). This reveals how necessary and important the service which is provided by CAMHS is needed and required, but demonstrates the challenge to respond to the high demand of referrals in a sufficiently and effectively appropriate amount of time (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, 2012). CAMHS has a policy of if the child or young person misses their appointment due to any other reason than ill health, they will be put back onto the waiting list. The Strategy recommends that young people should have more access to information regarding sexual health (DH and DCSF, 2009). Teenagers are known for trying unsafe behaviours whether it is sexually or experimenting with drugs or alcohol (DH and DCSF, 2009). Teenagers can access health services if they are still in school or may want to discuss things away from their usual environment by attending sexual health clinics (DH and DCSF, 2009). In my school nursing locality young people are offered a drop in service where they can discuss personal issues; presently the service is only offered once a month due to lack of school nurses to run the drop in clinic. Southwark has the eighth highest rate of long term unemployment in England and Wales (Office for National Statistics, 2010). Southwark has 10% more deprived districts than the rest of England, in terms of income deprivation which affects children living in the borough (Southwark PCT, 2011). Priority is made to safeguarding children which is paramount, and as there are quite a few cases of children in Southwark who have child protection plans (Southwark Council, 2012). Health of children in Southwark is generally worse than the average in England (Association of Public Health Authorities, 2010). Promoting healthy eating can be challenging, when low income families are trying to provide a healthy meal for their family at a time when they are on a fixed income (Livingstone, 2007). The Strategy recognises that young people are adept at using the internet, and other forms of modern technology to gain access to information (DH and DCSF, 2009). Young people 16 years and above can open a Health Space account, where they can keep their current health records and have more control over their health information (DH and DCSF, 2009). Health space also gives young people guidance on healthy eating and information on different types of illnesses; and where teenagers can go to get necessary support if required (Health Space, 2012). As part of the recommendations our school nursing service uses mobile phones to text young people to remind them of upcoming appointments. The policy Youre Welcome Quality criteria for young people friendly health services, identified that young people preferred to receive a text message rather than an appointment letter and to be given the option of attending their appointment with or without their parents (DH and CYP, 2011). An effective approach mentioned by the Strategy is for health to be promoted through advertising. This can be through television or radio commercials and also through posters in prominent areas and campaigns (DH and DCSF, 2009). A campaign which referred to excess drinking was called Know your limits encouraging young people not to get drunk as they are not in control of their faculties and emphasised the dangers of being drunk; such as getting alcohol poisoning to having unprotected sex (DH and DCSF, 2009). The Know your limits campaign ran from June to September 2009, which included advertising on television, radio and on the internet (Community Justice Portal, 2009). A survey conducted after the campaign revealed that young people did take notice of the anti-binge drinking campaign (Community Justice Portal, 2009). While 67% of young people said they would think more when out drinking with their friends, but none of the young people said that they would reduce the amount of alcohol they would consume (Community Justice Portal, 2009). This brings into question whether the campaign was effective, and whether another form of advertising would have been beneficial, productive and less costly. Teenage pregnancy rates are decreasing and currently are at the lowest they have been for the last forty years (Office for National Statistics, 2010). In Western Europe England still has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy, with the majority of the pregnancies unplanned and half of them legally aborted (Swann et al, 2003). The Teenage Pregnancy Strategy launched in 1999, set out guidelines to reduce the amount of teen pregnancies in the UK (DCYPF and PH, 1999). The Strategy made clear and productive follow on guidelines to the Teenage Pregnancy Strategy, which involved methods and approaches on how to reduce teenage pregnancies and campaigns to promote effectual contraceptive techniques (DH and DCSF, 2009). Young people aged between 16 years to 24 years old still has the highest amount of reported sexually transmitted infections (DH and DCSF, 2009). The Strategy has made clear procedures and techniques on how to decrease teenage pregnancy by gleaning evidence based information from countries such as America; where they have had an 86% reduction in their teenage pregnancy rate which they say was due to better quality use of contraceptives (DH and DCSF, 2009). Sex and relationship education is taught in schools by school nurses or by school teachers, but we are limited in some independent and religious schools by what we can teach the children. This would hinder and impede upon school nurses following the guidelines which the Strategy would like us to follow, as in some schools we have to negotiate with the head teachers what they will allow us to teach the pupils. For instance, in Catholic secondary schools if the pupils are taught sex and relationship education, it is limited to purity, abstinence and waiting till the students are married before having a sexual relationship (Catholic Education, 2012). Childhood obesity is defined as weight gained to a significant amount which can affect the childs health (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2003). The Strategy tried to put in place guidelines to help combat obesity in young people, but the government admitted that they were struggling to find effective ways to tackle the obesity in young people (DH and DCSF, 2009). The Strategy was not precise or adequate with beneficial and practical guidelines to encourage healthy eating in young people (DH and DCSF, 2009). Campaigns such as Change 4 Life were introduced in the same year as the Strategy, with the goal of targeting the whole family into eating healthier and exercising, and nothing directed just for young people (DH, 2009). The Change 4 Life was effective to a certain extent, as it gave school nurses a worthwhile tool to go into schools and work with young children. Posters and leaflets were given to schools to promote the Change 4 life campaign; but as for teenagers they found it unrelatable. In addition to the Olympics being held in London, the follow on campaign is Games 4 life (DH, 2011). This was designed at encouraging families to take an active part in the games instead of just watching it all on the television set in their homes (DH, 2011). Games 4 life misses out on the opportunity of targeting young people to get them involved with the Olympics where they could have schools competing against each other. Our experts are examining the Governments NHS reforms in detail and highlighting aspects of the legislation that merit greater scrutiny Right Hon Stephen Dorrell MP, Health Select Committee (2011). IMPACT The announcement of the NHS reforms by the current Government will have a thought-provoking impact on patients care and the roles which health professionals presently hold. For instance, additional audits will be put in place and this can be questioned about the effectiveness of these audits, as it may perhaps mean more time being spent on completing these audits which would mean less time focusing on service users (Ham et al, 2011). An adverse effect from the NHS reforms was the abolishment of the student education maintenance allowance scheme. (EMA) Young people in low income families relied on the EMA for funds for their books, and in some cases their travel expenses to college (British Youth Council, 2012). The distribution of the EMA bursary is now controlled by schools, training providers and colleges; young people feel that it is biased as they see it as another way for the Government to control their education when the young people should be making more decisions for themselves (British Youth Council, 2012). The NHS reforms will give 80% of the health budget to general practitioners to control and decide where they think health financial resources should be spent (DH, 2011). CONCLUSION The Strategy has a positive and negative influence on my practice as a school nurse. There are a number of areas for improvement which has been highlighted, such as promoting healthy eating in schools. This could happen by working more closely with school teachers but there would also need to have more resources put in place. These resources requires having a bigger budget to hire more school nurses, and also more funds to target young people to demonstrate to them, that they are not an age group which society undervalues and fails to appreciate as noted by the British Youth Council (British Youth Council, 2012). By means of additional resources, an increase in the amount school nurses could be hired and we would be able to offer a more effective service to young people and their families. The Strategy recommended various ways of promoting sex and relationship education which is working, as records demonstrate the decreasing levels of teenage pregnancies and abortions for forty years (Office for National Statistics, 2010). This is advantageous as with the reduction of teen pregnancies the Government as one of the main policy makers, can implement more policies which should continue to highlight the needs of young people to help reduce health inequalities and promote their health and wellbeing (DH and DCSF, 2009). Young people attend and are admitted to hospitals all the time. The Strategy did not give enough information on how young people would be supported if they had to attend or be admitted to hospital; this could hinder my practice as not enough research has been conducted in this area. The study conducted by Hilton and Jepson (2012), noted the importance of youth workers who could relieve some of the fears of young people and support them when and if they are admitted to hospital. More money spent towards the youth service signifies youth workers liaising and coordinating with school nurses working together to arrange schemes, work on leaflets or have an advice line for young people to contact school nurses. Presently we have a drop in clinic once a month but with more easily accessible contact services, young people would surely use the service if it was user friendly intended especially for their age group (British Youth Council, 2012). The Strategy has recommended some valid points which can be implemented into my nursing practice as a school nurse; however there are some areas which have been demonstrated that are quite difficult to apply and facilitate without further resources and manpower to improve on the service which is presently in place for young people. Improvements have been noted and I am sure they will continue to improve while we have policy makers from different parts of the society such as the British Youth Council, who will continue to make society listen to the voice of young people.

Anne Brontes Agnes Grey and the Critics Essay -- Bronte Agnes Grey Es

Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey and the Critics   Ã‚  Ã‚   Little is known about the composition of Anne Bronte's book Agnes Grey. Many critics believe that the original draft of Agnes Grey was titled, Passages in the Life of an Individual and was written July of 1845. The first edition of the novel was published in 1847 in combination with Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. Through out her life, Anne had written many poems and finished two complete novels. Both of her novels, Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall were published. Anne's sister Charlotte Bronte was an important force in the reasons behind Agnes Grey's publication. The three Bronte sisters were preparing to have their first book of poems published which was titled, Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. During the period that the poems were published, Charlotte made attempts to have three novel published. She wrote to the publishers informing them that Currer, Ellis, and Acton had just finished The Professor, Wuthering Heights, and Agnes Grey. A gentleman by the name of Thomas Newby accepted only Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey. Newby promised Charlotte that he would have 350 copies of the novels published but he continued to procrastinate and not come through on his word. Due to growing frustrations, Charlotte wrote to W.S. Williams of Smith, Elder and complained of the constant delays caused by Mr. Newby.   In 1847, 250 copies were finally published. The novel consisted of three volumes, Wuthering Heights occupied volumes one and two, while Agnes Grey occupied volume three. The first edition of publication among these 250 copies contained many errors. Grammatical errors were seen more in Agnes Grey than in Wuthering Heights. It is with these er... ...of the great authors of her time, but the Bronte's sisters are known around the world for a wonderful compilation of literature that has remained popular and an important part of literary history.    Work Cited Inglesfield, Robert. "Introduction to Agnes Grey" (1988). Pp. XI. Douglas Ferrold's Weekly Newspaper January 15 1848. Atlas January 22, 1848. Both critics unknown Moore, George. "Conversations in Ebury Street." (1924) NineteenthCentury  Ã‚   Literature Criticism, Volume 4 pp.42-43.<o:p></o:p> Nineteenth -Century Literature Criticism Vol. 4 pp 37-57 Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism Volume 4 pp 40 GrahamsMagazine (1850) Vol. XXXVI, No 2, page 167. (Author   unknown).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sinclair, Mary . "Introduction to the Tenant of Wildfell Hall." (1914) Pp. v-viii. <o:p></o:p>

Financial Analysis Essay

It was Henning Holck-Larsen and Soren Kristian Tuobro, the two promising Danish engineers who were committed to develop the engineering capabilities in order to meet the demand for the necessary industries in India. L&T at first started its business by importing sophisticated machineries for taking up complex engineering and construction assignments which was needed in the Indian market. L&T started its business by importing sophisticated machineries for taking up complex engineering and construction assignments which was needed in the Indian market from Europe. It is now a limited company fully based on engineering, technology, and construction. L&T is India’s one of the largest and know industrial organisations with a reputation for technological excellence, high quality of products and services and strong customer orientation. They value their customers by using customer focused strategy giving them value and a world class quality. It has enabled them to attain a title of the biggest player in their market field. The L&T has attained its international presence by opening its offices in different parts of world which has helped them to attain profits and grow widely. The wide marketing and distribution network not only gives them a strong customer support but also those to attain progress with keeping in mind the protection of the environment. The company is constantly on the move for innovation in their technology which helps them to attract potential shareholders. The company takes a major attention towards the culture when working in different parts of the world, which helps them to meet the satisfaction level of its stakeholders, employees and society. The company believes in their employees by giving them freedom at work which then helps their employees to complete interesting, motivating and challenging tasks with ease. It is open to suggestion and ideas at the workplace. Hence, it has given birth to advancement and the company is at present growing on a high scale with a rapid pace while playing as a major threat to their competitors. Today, the company is therefore huge and owns major Independent companies. It holds positions of independent companies in the field of Hydrocarbon, Heavy engineering, Power, Construction, Electricals and Automations, IT, Shipping, Railway projects and many more. It has created mile stones with successful projects in other countries like Sri Lanka in terms of delivering quality power projects and becoming the largest seller of coal to China. It has also played a major role in India’s maiden moon missions. Capital Structure In terms of finance, capital structure represents the way a corporation finances its assets through the combinations of equity, debt, or hybrid securities. The capital structure of a firm is then the composition or ‘structure’ of its liabilities. It gives the overview and the standing in the market place by putting a bright light on the working style of the company.

Bioterrorism in Nursing Essays

Bioterrorism in Nursing Essays Bioterrorism in Nursing Paper Bioterrorism in Nursing Paper Bioterrorism is the premeditated utilization of destructive organic matters or germs to cause the rife of illness and fear among the civilians as well as to the people who are in the medicine field. Its substance is easily spread to a person that once contaminated, can cause instantaneous death to a person. This substance which may come in the form of smallpox, botulism, plague or anthrax and is different from chemical, nuclear or radiation attack wherein its effects is evident as the outcome and result of the attack can be easily seen through the surrounding environment (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Bioterrorism on the other hands has the tendency to be recognized later than expected that once discovered might have done huge damage over the body making it too late for them to save their life. This is a biological weapons and is deemed as a threat of use on biological agents by individuals or groups motivated by political, religious, ecological, social or for other ideological objectives to instill fear or cause illness or death in order to achieve their objective. This means of instilling fear to people is not something new as it has been used even during the olden times. The issue of bioterrorism has not only affected and inflicted fear among the civilians wherein everyone doesn’t have any idea as to when they will attacked. Since this is a terrorist activity, choosing the victims is not an option in fact, whoever who was unfortunate to be targeted by the terrorists would surely fall into their hands and meet that dark fate. The effects of bioterrorism also has also been faced by the nurses and health workers wherein part of their job is to do any means to help treat the victim without at the same time contaminating their own selves thus putting their life in the line. Measures have been made, in cases bioterrorism attacks happen again. It is an effort and a strategy to make people be prepared and to know the safety measures and maintain precaution. Addressing the role individuals can play in preparing for and responding to terrorist attacks has benefits on two levels (Brower and Chalk, 2003). On one level, an act of terrorism will result in an emergency situation and, as with any sort of emergency event, there are a number of preparatory and response activities that individuals can engage in to help protect their safety and health. On another level, because ordinary citizens are a primary target of terrorism, being informed, prepared, and ready to respond is likely to provide an individual with a sense of empowerment and confidence to combat the feelings of violation and despair that are the aims of terrorism. Moreover, if terrorists believe that they are less likely to be successful because of individual preparedness, then that preparedness could also serve to deflect terrorists from attacks. As often is the case with new threats, the scope of the dangers posed by terrorism is very difficult to assess. Although one can assign various probabilities to the possibility that the nation will be subject to a major act of biological terrorism, these probabilities are based largely on speculation. Moreover, the scope of the threat varies immensely according to which agents are expected to be used (e. g. , how infectious they are), how proficiently they are produced (e. g. , if they have been modified to resist treatment, are two or more agents combined, or are they newly designed â€Å"super bugs†) how easy they are to deliver and spread, how difficult they are to detect, and so on (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). In proceeding, it is crucial to realize that both the probability of an attack and the magnitude of its potential severity must be considered. Even if it were somehow reliably known that the probability of a bioterrorist attack was very low, the negative outcome of such an attack could be very great: attackers could use agents that are very infectious, easy to spread, difficult to detect, modified to prevent treatment, and might result in high fatality rates. Because of this potentially disastrous consequence, one must conclude that we face a clear and present danger (Brower and Chalk, 2003). Nurses of these days were made sure to be aware of the current issue so as to make them well prepared in case that this event might break out again. It is a biodefense wherein health professionals were trained and educated on the issue at hand and give them the suitable knowledge on what to do and come up with counter attack in such cases. Methods have been explored by researchers wherein health professionals may utilize such process to appraise infections, classify biomarkers for particular substance and chemicals and expound its effects. This is an advantage for nurses too who would likely be confronted in such situations as majority of them worked in hospitals (Etzioni, 2004). Nurses are well-acquainted to the various reaction to trauma, relationship on stress, sleep and health, and the physiological, immunological and psychosocial changes that takes place with posttraumatic stress syndrome. Nurses were also trained to assess the preparation and response capabilities of hospital sand public health facilities and the competence to make out the apposite skills for nurses and other members of interdisciplinary health teams and paving way to the education of nurses about mass casualty incidents in harnessing their emergency response. Strategies involves actions that individuals can take that can save lives, even in catastrophic terrorist attacks can be demonstrated by tracing the recommended actions back to the terrorist attack scenarios and seeing how they respond effectively to an individuals needs for safety and health. Protection can be achieved against chemical agents, dirty bombs, and nuclear fallout (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Once a biological attack has been identified, medical treatment can help prevent smallpox and anthrax infections. Even in the most challenging situations of nuclear and indoor chemical attacks, individuals can avoid the dangers, if they act quickly. Terrorist attacks and the accompanying uncertainties can be expected to evoke intense emotional and behavioral responses on the part of individuals (Dando, 2002). Knowing that individuals can act to save lives and knowing what to do has the additional advantage of making it easier and potentially more likely that individuals will be able to cope in such catastrophic situations. The individuals strategy is sensitive to potential variations in how terrorist attacks might unfold. This is by design because the response actions are derived from scenarios representative of each of the types of attacks and were chosen because of their effectiveness, even when the underlying assumptions in the scenarios change (e. g. , warning time). At the same time, we recognize that the response actions may not be ideal for every possibility and every kind of potential attack. Many uncertainties surround what terrorists will be able and willing to do, as well as their adaptability to changing circumstances. Nevertheless, the alternative of not providing individuals with a strategy with specific actions is much less attractive. Without such guidance, individuals would be required to decide what to do when an attack occurs, with the associated risks of acting in far more dangerous ways. What individuals need to do to survive has little to do with the extent of the effects but rather with the dangers that arise to their own personal safety and health (Brower and Chalk, 2003). Thus, the individuals strategy is not based on the scale of potential attacks, and in presenting the strategy; no mention is made about the likely number of casualties in the different types of attacks. By exhaustively analyzing the effects of various terrorist scenarios, it is discovered that individuals would have only a few primary needs rather than the multiplicity that might be expected in such catastrophic situations. These primary needs are captured in the individuals strategy in terms of the overarching goals that an individual would seek in each type of attack. Such a small number of key responses make it easy for individuals to remember. Keeping these overarching goals in mind helps individuals understand the reasoning behind the strategys specific response actions and also allows an individual to adapt to the circumstances as they may actually arise at the time of an attack. Acting simply on the basis of these goals would improve an individuals chances of survival. By understanding the effects of the scenarios, it is then possible to discover what factors are most critical to an individuals ability to achieve these over-arching goals. For chemical and radiological attacks, the critical factors are whether the release is inside a building or outdoors and where an individual is in relation to that release. In nuclear attacks, the critical factors are where the radioactive fallout cloud spreads and whether an individual can move out of this area before it becomes contaminated. The critical factors in biological attacks involve whether the agent is or is not contagious and whether an individual has been exposed or infected (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Success in implementing the individuals strategy will depend critically on individuals having advance knowledge about the characteristics of terrorist attacks and the appropriate response actions. This is especially the case for those attacks (chemical, radiological, nuclear) where individuals will need to act on their own quickly without official guidance. Beyond having an advance understanding of what to do in the event of a terrorist attack, the individuals strategy includes additional preparatory steps. Because these have been derived from the response actions, the strategy can ensure that an individual focuses on those critical for terrorist attacks. Gathering information and making plans are by far the most important preparatory steps (e. g. , creating a family communication plan, learning about the evacuation plans in buildings one occupies frequently). At the same time, these preparatory steps are not absolutely essential to the success of the individuals strategy. It is also the case that the response actions for the most part do not require any advance training or practice. All these involve actions that individuals can take that can be effective in saving lives, even in catastrophic terrorist attacks. These actions differ in important ways from how individuals should prepare for natural and other types of disasters. They are appropriate regardless of the likelihood of an attack or whatever the government alert level might be. They are designed to be sensitive to potential variations in how such attacks might unfold but are presented in ways to prepare individuals for surprises (Brower and Chalk, 2003). One important advantage of these approach to defining an individuals strategy is that it can be used now to focus on how groups of individuals in special situations, such as the elderly, sick, and disabled, should prepare for catastrophic terrorism. In some cases, these individuals could be at an advantage (e. g. , those in nursing homes will already be inside in the event of outdoor chemical or radiological attacks). However, they would be at a clear disadvantage in situations in which they needed to move quickly, such as in an indoor chemical attack or a nuclear attack. Given the uncertainties surrounding terrorist threats, our approach could also be used to update the strategy as the characteristics of the threat evolve. New and different scenarios could be examined and our recommended strategy evaluated to assess its continuing relevance in such new environments. In addition, actions that today are not available to individuals could be evaluated as new technologies or medical treatments become available (e. g. , new types of air-filtering systems or vaccines). With the development of detection systems, individuals might gain more effective ways to respond. These could be evaluated using our process and criteria. Finally, should attacks occur in the future, lessons could be learned about the actual effects, individual needs, and utility of various response actions, and these could be introduced into our analysis to see whether any changes should be made. Bibliography: Brower, J. and Chalk, P. 2003. The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U. S. National Security and Public Health Policy. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Dando, M. 2002. Preventing Biological Warfare: The Failure of American Leadership. New York: Palgrave Davis, L. , Howell, D. , Latourrette, T. and Mosher, D. 2003. Individual Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Radiological Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Etzioni, A. 2004. How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? Freedom versus Security in the Age of Terrorism. New York: Routledge International Council of Nurses. 2007. Terrorism and Bioterrorism: Nursing Preparedness. Retrieved 24 July 2007, from icn. ch/matters_bio. htm Inglesby, T. and O’Toole, T. 2007. Medical Aspects of Biological Terrorism. Retrieved 24 July 2007, from acponline. org/bioterro/medicalaspects. htm

Mississippi essays

Mississippi essays Mississippi is named for the Mississippi River, and is known as the Magnolia State. David Ronald Musgrove is the current governor of Mississippi. The Mississippi River forms its western boundary and empties into the Gulf of Mexico. Mississippis warm climate and rich soil proved ideally suited to cotton, which became the main crop before 1800 and was the mainstay of its economy until modern times. The Anglo-Saxon settlers traveled to the states virgin lands and brought in slaves to work their fields. Mississippi was organized as a territory in 1798, and joined the Union on December 10, 1817 as the 20th state to be admitted. The capital of Mississippi is Jackson, which is the largest Metropolitan area, having a population of 153,968 people according to the records in 1970. The population of Mississippi in 1970 was 2,216,912 people, with 36.8 percent being black. With a 5.8 percent increase between 1970-1975, the population became 2,346,000 people, which ranked it the 29th largest state. The state seal was adopted in 1817. In the center is depicted a bald eagle, the official U.S. emblem, holding an olive brand a quiver of arrows in its talons. Around the rim of the seal are the words, The Great Seal of the State of Mississippi. The design of the Coat of Arms was appointed by legislative action on February 7, 1894. The design proposed by the committee was accepted and became the official Coat of Arms. This design was a blue shield with and eagle extending its pinions on it. In the right talon was a palm branch, and in the left talon were a bundle of arrows. Above the eagle is the word Mississippi printed. The lettering on the shield and the eagle was in gold. Two branches of the cotton stalk were below the shield. Extending upwards with one on each side was a red scroll three-fourths of the length of the shield. The motto, VIRTUTE et ARMIS, was printed with gold ...

US expatriates in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US expatriates in Australia - Essay Example There are basically three kinds or categories of US expatriates that are found in Australia. The first category is that of those expats working in Australia for an extended or short period of time. Their stay may be a few weeks, few months or a few years. This group is mainly comprised of US citizens working for or representing US-based companies. The second kind are those experts living in Australia temporarily without the intention of becoming permanent residents of the place. This group mainly comprise of college and university students. The third category of US expatriates in Australia is that of those who are intending to obtain or have already obtained permanent status through the Australian government. All the three kinds of US experts are in Australia for different kinds of assignments. For example, some of them could be college or university students as mentioned earlier on. However, most of them are professionals either working for US-based multinational corporations that have invested in Australia. Harvey and Novicevic (69) state that in such a case, they have international assignments to complete critical tasks in various departments of their companies like sales and marketing, advertising, or various managerial positions. Some of the expatriates have been employed by Australian companies or Australian government as well to cover for lack of experts in the local market. Examples of specific occupations identified by expat blog.com (1) for US expatriates in Australia are accountants, aircraft maintenance technicians, property managers, writers, teachers, blogger, physicians and professional players like basketball people. Firms in Australia have come up with new ways of managing US expatriates with the intentions of achieving increased expatriate performance, reducing the rates of expatriate failures and reducing the costs of maintaining expats. In order to deal with the issue of expatriates retuning before competing assignments, firms have

Increase in Diabetic Blood Sugars Research Paper

Increase in Diabetic Blood Sugars - Research Paper Example In the former, insulin dosage has to be carefully titrated in order to keep an optimum level of glucose in blood so that associated complications are not triggered. In the latter, quantity and type of food intake have to be optimized and required medication/s taken in order to keep the blood glucose level at an appropriate level. However, as this monitoring has to be done on an almost daily basis, either by the patient himself/herself, or by the attending healthcare professional, it becomes cumbersome for both as the frequent jabs are irritating and accuracy of the measuring instrument and reagents are critical factors. It therefore becomes essential for a trained nursing professional to be thoroughly competent in the art so that no errors occur while monitoring and taking care of diabetic patients. In the past such tests used to involve detailed and laborious time consuming procedures in the laboratory in which the results took some time to be delivered. However, with the recent adv ent of auto analyzer technologies and portable blood glucose monitoring instruments, it has become a relatively easy task. The operation of such instruments however need to be error free and mastered individually by every nursing practitioner. Problem Statement It has been observed that student nurses’ involved in ADN Programs are susceptible to medication errors due to paucity of training and lack experience in handling instruments during initial years of their practice. It therefore becomes essential to familiarize and train them thoroughly in the art of handling diagnostic and medication equipment which they are going to encounter in their respective areas of practice. A nurse educator should therefore ensure that the students’ under her supervision are exposed to all nuances of the area of practice they are being trained in. This study will endeavor to uncover any lacunae in the student nurses being trained for handling diabetic patients. Purpose of the Study To en sure that the students are well versed with the technical intricacies of handling diabetic patients and confident of handling diagnostic equipment in order to monitor blood glucose levels. Evaluation of their skills after exposure to a simulated scenario for monitoring blood glucose levels. Significance of the Study Well trained nurses are the lifeline of diabetic patients as they are the ones supervising them directly. A hypoglycemic crisis can be life threatening and unbridled hyperglycemia can lead to other medical complications. Apt and accurate handling of monitoring equipment can therefore be a life saving practice. Research Question(s) 1. To find out whether the student nurses’ are capable of handling diagnostic and monitoring equipment and taking informed decisions while handling diabetic patients. 2. To check the awareness of student nurses’ about the importance of risks due to medication error/s and their sequel while monitoring diabetic patients after exposu re to a simulated scenario. Literature Review Diabetes is diagnosed by its typical symptoms and confirmed by measurement of plasma glucose. Measurement after 8-12 hours of fasting (fasting plasma glucose [FPG]), or 2 hours after ingestion of a concentrated glucose solution (oral glucose tolerance testing [GTT]) are the tests employed for diagnosis (Crandall, 2007). Type I diabetes is primarily insulin

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Branding, Pricing, and Distribution - Assignment Example It is important or the branding strategy in one country or market is the same in terms of content and message delivery each and every time (Cooper, 2010). The strategy will include having themes that are immediately adaptable to each and every economy and those that do not easily translate in certain economies should be dropped. The last thing you want for example is a branding strategy that ridicules the culture of one country or whose meaning contrasts with that of another culture. The branding strategy that will be adopted by Fizz Cola will also link strongly to the business model on which the product’s sales and marketing philosophy is built. This ensures that marketing the brand will go hand in hand in marketing the brand’s business model, which leads to a more sustainable and sustained customer following (VanAuken, 2007). The branding strategy should also include the use of borderless media such as social media to ensure that the product message reaches all and al so to leverage scales of economy in marketing and distribution. The use of social media can also be incorporated into the branding strategy, thus making the users or consumers of the product co-creators. Development of branding strategy that utilizes such social media as YouTube allows the consumers to develop and spread the word about a Fizz Cola. The branding strategy the Fizz Cola will use will also include a type of measure that can be used to assess its effectiveness as well as being flexible enough to change when necessary especially on the global borderless market (VanAuken, 2007). There are different types of pricing strategy depending on the products, its price elasticity and the existence and nature of competing brands. For a product like Fizz Cola, which will be coming into a highly competitive arena where there are basically two major competitors, Coca Cola and Pepsi, it is even more precarious. These two firms have been known to deal ruthlessly in sales and marketing te rms with any upstarts that try to enter into or undercut their market share. Introduction at a price that is too low will make it impossible for the makers of Fizz Cola to ever break even (Stiving, 2012). However competing that same or higher pricing level as these two giants could lead to a vicious price war that Fizz Cola my not be able to survive. Thus the only way Fizz Cola will be able to survive is by establishing a very competitive policy of penetration pricing. The penetration pricing should be low enough to enable the company cover its costs – and thus be sustainable over the long term - but slightly lower than that of the competition in order to attract consumers of the already existing products. The pricing strategy should also have a value-based angle to it, thus involving the consumers in its determination as long the main principles relating to penetration pricing are still adhered to (Stiving, 2012). The pricing strategy will support the branding strategy by en suring that whatever price is charged for the Fizz Cola products is comparable and consistent throughout the different markets and regions the products are sold. This will engender and ensure that the product is able to build a strong consumers confidence and consumer loyalty as well as ensuring that the marketing message of the products remain the

Racial Profiling Essay Example for Free

Racial Profiling Essay On February 4, 1999, Amadou Diallo, an unarmed 22 year-old immigrant from New Guinea, West Africa, was shot and killed in the narrow vestibule of the apartment building where he lived. Four white officers, Sean Carroll, Kenneth Boss, Edward McMellon and Richard Murphy fired 41 bullets, hitting Diallo 19 times. All four were members of the New York City Police Departments Street Crimes Unit, which, under the slogan, We Own the Night, used aggressive stop and frisk tactics against African- Americans at a rate double that groups population percentage. A report on the unit by the state attorney general found that blacks were stopped at a rate 10 times that of whites, and that 35 percent of those stops lacked reasonable suspicion to detain or had reports insufficiently filled out to make a determination. Thousands attended Diallos funeral. Demonstrations were held almost daily, along with the arrests of over 1,200 people in planned civil disobedience. In a trial that was moved out of the community where Diallo lived and to Albany in upstate New York, the four officers who killed Diallo were acquitted of all charges (â€Å"The Diallo† online). Racial Profiling is any police or private security practice in which a person is treated as a suspect because of his or her race, ethnicity, nationality or religion. This occurs when police investigate, stop, frisk, search or use force against a person based on such characteristics instead of evidence of a persons criminal behavior. It often involves the stopping and searching of people of color for traffic violations, known as â€Å"DWB† or â€Å"driving while black or brown. † (Meeks 17). After 9/11, racial profiling has become widely accepted as an appropriate form of crime prevention. People were sought after based solely on the fact that they were of Arab descent. But racial profiling did not start with September 11th racial profiling has been around for ages. Tracy Maclin, a professor at Boston University School of Law, says that racial profiling â€Å"can trace its historical roots [back] to a time in early American society when court officials in cities like Philadelphia permitted constables and ordinary citizens the right to take up all black persons seen gadding abroad without their masters permission. † (Meeks 164). The term profiling first became associated with law enforcement’s nterference in drug trafficking during the late 1970s. In 1985, the Drug Enforcement Administration instituted Operation Pipeline, an intelligence-based assessment of the method by which drug networks transported bulk drugs to drug markets, and began training local and state police in applying a drug courier profile as part of highway drug interdiction techniques. Under Operation Pipeline, police were trained to apply a profile that included evidence of concealment in the vehicle, indications of fast, point-to-point driving, as well as the age and race characteristics of the probable drivers. In some cases, the profiling technique was distorted, so that officers began targeting black and Hispanic male drivers by stopping them for technical traffic violations as a pretext for determining whether or not drivers were carrying drugs (Weitzer 133). A 1998 Department of Justice investigation of these practices raised awareness of this issue and defined racial profiling as the practice of singling out members of racial or ethnic groups for relatively minor traffic or petty criminal offenses in order to question and/or search them for drugs, guns, or other contraband (â€Å"History† 1). In 1999, the American Civil Liberties Union launched a nationwide campaign against racial profiling, entitled â€Å"Arrest the Racism: Racial Profiling in America. † This campaign included research, phone hotlines to report incidents, online complaint forms, advertising campaigns that included radio, television, print and billboards, advocacy for legislation, and a communications program synchronized with litigation efforts across the country. This campaign has inspired a movement against racial profiling by local, state and national organizations. Community organizations have been involved in advocating for legislation, increasing visibility of their racial profiling concerns, and encouraging police departments to begin data collection. More than 20 states have passed legislation prohibiting racial profiling and/or mandating data collection on stops and searches, hundreds of individual jurisdictions have voluntarily begun to collect data, and several jurisdictions are collecting data on racial profiling as a result of federal or state court settlements or consent decrees. In February 2001, during an address to a joint session of Congress, President George W.  Bush said of racial profiling, â€Å"It is wrong and we will end it in America. † (â€Å"History† 1) California, alone, has enacted legislation which mandates sensitivity training, but there is currently no legislation mandating data collection. In 1999, Governor Gray Davis vetoed legislation that would have required law enforcement agencies to collect data to show whether people of color are stopped by police at disproportionate rates. Bills that would have prohibited racial profiling and required data collection either died on inactive file or had important content removed before being passed. A large number of individual jurisdictions are collecting data either voluntarily, through court settlements, or through federal consent decrees. S. B. 205, which amended the California Penal Code section 13519. 4, entitled Racial and Cultural Diversity Training, defines racial profiling as â€Å"the practice of detaining a suspect based on a broad set of criteria which casts suspicion on an entire class of people without any individualized suspicion of the particular person being stopped. † This legislation outlines the inappropriateness of racial profiling, and mandates cultural awareness training for civil servants. The federal code which is used to address racial profiling and other questionable procedures is Title 42, U. S. C. , Section 14141, which makes it unlawful for state or local law enforcement agencies to allow officers to engage in a pattern or practice of conduct that deprives persons of rights protected by the Constitution or laws of the United States. This law is commonly referred to as the Police Misconduct Statute. This law gives the Department of Justice the right to reprimand and/or sanction law enforcement agencies that use policies or practices which support a pattern of misconduct by officers. The action taken by the department is directed against the agency as a whole, not against individual officers. Although efforts have been made to ban the use of racial profiling as a law enforcement tool, no jurisdiction in the U. S. has addressed the problem in a way that is both effective and all-inclusive. Currently, twenty-nine states have passed laws concerning racial profiling, but state and federal protections against this problem continue to be extremely lacking. Further, some states are even passing legislation that supports racial profiling, such as Arizona’s new SB 1070, which aims to curb the problem of illegal entry into the U.  S. While immigration issues continue to be a problem in the U. S. , this law basically allows law enforcement officials to stop any citizen randomly to verify their legal residence in the country. Police practices that are viewed as racially motivated will ultimately lead to more frequent and severe interactions with law enforcement, and eventually leads to a distrust of the police. This is an unhealthy position, as law enforcement practices aren’t effective when you are fearful of those whose job is to protect and serve the citizens (Blumer 4). There is not much research available that addresses the question of why racial differences exist in citizens’ relations with the police. Part of the explanation can be found in the group-position thesis, which is discussed in the research by Bob Hutchings 64), and states: â€Å"the group-position thesis focuses on inter-group competition over material rewards, status, and power. Racial attitudes which reflect individual-level feelings and beliefs also mirror a collective sense of group cohesion, unlike other racial groups. These perceptions include (1) perceived threats: dominant group members’ fears that their group is at risk of losing privileges or resources to competing racial groups, and (2) perceived advantages: minority group members’ beliefs that their group interests will be enhanced by challenging the prevailing racial order. The group-position thesis has been used to explain inter-group racial attitudes. † The thesis further outlines the entitlement of dominant groups to resources, and the attraction to institutions that serve their interests; an example of this would be the attraction of the White race to the criminal justice system. The police are often seen as allies by the â€Å"dominant ethnic group†, especially in deeply divided societies where the police can be used as an instrument for suppressing â€Å"subordinate groups† (Bobo ump; Hutchings 70). This relationship between the police and dominant groups is less obvious in more democratic societies, but the authors state that even in these societies, the superior group builds strong relations with the police. In the United States, white people’s support for the police has traditionally been strong and, at the same time, whites tend to see racial minorities as inclined to criminal or violent behavior. In the 2000 General Social Survey, for example, half of whites viewed blacks as ‘violence-prone’. †(Weitzer ump; Tuch 1021) For whites who follow these views, there is a tendency to condone police suspicion and disparate treatment of minorities as â€Å"rational discrimination† (Weitzer 153). These attitudes may b e more strongly held by some whites than by others, but the group-position thesis predicts that these views are fairly common throughout the white population (Bobo ump; Hutchings 72). Racial profiling has been occurring throughout our nation, and even the world, for as far back as any of us can remember. Racial profiling stems from racism, and fear of people who are different, ethnically and culturally, than the person making the judgments. Sadly, it spreads even further than that, and clouds the judgment of the people who are in positions of authority, even when they come from the same ethnic background. Racism, classism, sexism and all the other –isms combine to create trends such as these, which affect more than just the person being judged; it affects their families, friends, neighborhoods, communities, etc. Like all other issues that deal with the problem of –isms, the only way to change the dominant perception is to change the way people are programmed throughout life and their experiences. Until that day, no legislation or rule is going to change the way people feel about the minority, or perceived lower class, group.